摘要
农业机械作为重要的非道路移动源之一,排放的尾气是氮氧化物(N0_x)和可吸入颗粒物(PM_(10))的主要来源之一。介绍了基于燃油消耗量的排放清单建立方法,排放因子为单位质量燃料消耗的污染物排放量,活动水平为燃料消耗量。根据NON-ROAD模型,农用柴油机械CO、THC、NO_x和PM_(10)排放因子分别为37.71 g·kg^(-1)、9.38 g·kg^(-1)、51.58 g·kg^(-1)和8.23 g·kg^(-1),汽油机械CO、THC、NO_x和PM_(10)排放因子分别为405.25 g·kg_(-1)、236.05 g·kg_(-1)、3.88 g·kg_(-1)和5.01 g·kg_(-1)。根据燃料消耗量估算了北京2007年农用机械尾气排放量,HC、CO、NO_x和PM_(10)排放量分别为1 643.6 t、4 615.4 t、4 296.2 t和701.6 t。与道路机动车排放量相比,农用机械排放分别占 1.26%、0.50%、2.91%和4 33%。基于CIS的北京农用耕地分布,建立了农机污染物排放的空间分布。根据不同月份的燃油消耗量分析时间分布,1—2月份排放较低,3—4月份排放较高。
The present paper suggests that it is of great emergency to establish a farm-machinery exhaust-emission inventory in Beijing Area in hoping to build an air quality controlling platform. As is known, farm-use diesel engines in off-road applications is a significant exhaust source of nitrogen oxides （NOx） and particulate matter （PM10）, however, it is just under the beginning stage of such emission control. Furthermore, with the quick increase of numbers of such diesel engines and their wider and wider application, it becomes more and more difficult to evaluate the total exhaust emissions from such sources. To solve the said problem, the present authors have put forward a model for estimating such emissions. In proceeding with our research, we have first of all normalized the emission factors of the fuel consumption and evaluated the total activity and the total fuel consumption of the farm machinery. As a result, we have determined that the emission factors of the farm-use diesel machinery in Beijing were 9.38 g·kg^-1, 37.71 g·kg^-1, 51.58 g·kg^-1 and 8.23g·kg^-1 for hydrocarbon compounds （ HC）, carbon monoxide （CO）, nitrogen oxides （NOx）, and particulate matter （PM10）, respectively, whereas the emission factors of farm-use gasoline machinery in the capital area were 236.05g·kg^-1, 405.25 g·kg^-1, 3.88 g·kg^-1 and 5.01g·kg^-1 for HC, CO, NOx and PM10. For some specific period of time, the total farm-machinery exhaust emissions in the city in 2007 have been worked out in this paper, with the emission of HC, CO, NOx and PM10 during that year and that of the fuel consumption statistical records made in that year. That is, the total emissions from the farm-machinery were estimated as 1 643.6 t for HC, 4 615.4 t for CO, 4 296.2 t for NOx, and 701.6 t for PM10- The total farm-machinery emission accounts for 1.26%, 0.50% , 2.91% and 4.33% of Beijing vehicle emissions for HC, CO, NOx and PM10, respectively. At the same time, the spatial distribution of emission inventory can be reduced to th
出处
《安全与环境学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第1期145-148,共4页
Journal of Safety and Environment
关键词
环境工程学
排放清单
农业机械排放
大气污染物
environmental engineering
emission inventory
agriculture equipment emission
air pollutant
