摘要
风沙流研究是风沙物理学的主要内容，研究方法上大致分宏观和微观研究两个方面。宏观研究着眼于风沙流的整体结构和动力学过程，微观研究侧重于单一颗粒的运动状态。宏观和微观研究相结合是解决风沙物理学中一系列问题的一条合理路线。但长期以来，由于在颗粒运动机理研究方面进展缓慢且不成熟，对联系宏观和微观研究的纽带——起跳粒子的运动状态分布的重要性认识不够，造成风沙流宏观研究和微观研究的严重脱节。本文综述国内外在这两方面的研究历史和现状，指出了现存问题和解决途径，并对风沙物理学的发展方向提出了一些建议。
The motion of particles on surface is made up of three fashions: creep, saltation and suspension. Saltation is most important among the three movement fashions not only because of the fact that s altation particles account for 75 percent of total transported sand mass bu t also that it is chiefly responsible for sand drift disaster. Meanwhile, the P hysics of Blown Sand that takes saltation mechanism as the main research subject is not well established because of the limitations of researcher's knowledge a nd objective conditions such as backward experimental conditions and modeling te chniques. Thus the theory of wind sand current can't been developed smoothly. A ccordingly, the theory on wind sand can't been applied to practice effectively. Research on wind sand current is made up of macroscopic and microscopic stud ies. Macroscopic study aims at drifting sand flux structure and dynamic proces s, while microscopic study lays particular emphasis on the motion state of a sin gle sand particle. Macroscopic study in connection with microscopic study is rea sonable to solve a series of problems which exist in the Physics of Blown Sand. However, macroscopic study has been seriously divorced from microscopic study fo r a long time because of the immaturity and lack in realizing the importance of motion mechanism and parameter distribution of the lift off particles. In view of the facts above, the paper summarizes the research history and advances at ho me and abroad in the above mentioned aspects, and points out three present prob lems which are urgently necessary to solve: (1) The research on impact mechanism of particles needs strengthening so that pe rfect impact model is to be established gradually. (2) Macroscopic study should be connected with microscopic study through the di stribution function in motion state of lift off sand particles. (3) Saltation model of particles needs to be perfected further.
出处
《中国沙漠》
CSCD
北大核心
1999年第2期173-178,共6页
Journal of Desert Research
基金
中国科学院重大项目
关键词
风沙物理学
颗粒跃移
运动状态
分布函数
风沙流
The Physics of Blown Sand\ The saltation of sand pa rticles\ The distribution functions of motion state
