摘要
对海南不同管理水平香草兰种植园土壤理化性状调查分析和土壤pH、水分、地表覆盖盆栽试验的研究结果表明，香草兰栽培要维持高产稳产，在土壤管理中必须达到如下主要条件：（1）香草兰对土壤pH反应极为敏感，最适于生长的土壤pH值为6．5，在pH6．0～7．0范围内生长良好，低于pH5．5和高于pH7．0都抑制其生长，低pH的抑制作用大于高pH，酸性土壤施石灰对生长和养分吸收反应良好；（2）香草兰喜湿而好气，土壤田间持水量直控制在60％左右，不宜低于40％和高于80％，而土壤总孔隙度宜在55％以上，毛管孔隙和通气孔隙比值以80：20为宜，通气孔隙不宜超过总孔隙度的25％；（3）香草兰对地表覆盖反应极明显，高产香草兰要求根层土壤具有较高的有机质含量，粘质土要达到4．0％以上，壤质土达2．5％～3．0％，砂质土达2．0％～2．5％，因此，土壤表层宜常年保持有机物覆盖和重视有机肥施用；（4）香草兰对磷素营养反应敏感，高产园土壤有效磷要达到150mgkg－1土以上才能满足其生长和高产的要求。
Soil physicochemical property was studied by way of investigation and analysisof soil conditions of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia) plantations managed different1y in Hainanas well as of pot experiments involving soil acidity,moisture content and mu1ch. The results found the main soil conditions for consistently high yielding vanilla as follows.Vanilla was highly sensitive to soil acidity. Vanilla grew well between 6. 0 to 7.0,theoptimum being 6. 5;pH below 5. 5 of over 7. 0 restrained vanilla from growth,low pHgiving much greater inhibition than high pH. Vanilla responded well in growth and nutrient uptake on the acid soil applied with limeVanilla loved humidity and air. It was better to keep the soil field moisture capacitywithin some 60 percent without below 40 percent or over 80 percent,the total porosity ofsurface soil at more than 55 percent,and the ratio of capillary to aeration porosity at 80:20 with the aeration porosity preferably being not more than 25 percent of the totalporosity.Vanilla showed remarkable positive effect on mulching. It was required that the soillayer for roots contain rather high organic matter content: 4. 0% or more for clayey soil,2. 5 % - 3.0% for 1oamy soi1,and 2. O% - 2. 5%for sandy soil. Surface soil under vanillashould be covered with organic matter throughout the year,and application of organic fertilizer needed.Vanilla was highly sensitive to phosphorus nutrient. The available P of more than150 mg per kg soil was required for vanilla high yielding plantations to meet the needsof vanilla growth and persistently high yield.
出处
《热带作物学报》
CSCD
1998年第1期24-33,共10页
Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops
关键词
海南岛
香草兰
土壤条件
栽培
Hainan Island
Vanilla Planifolia
soil condition
