摘要
溢油污染已逐渐成为内陆突发性水环境污染的主要问题之一。尤其在河口感潮河道,油污染问题日益突出。溢油污染因其对环境、生态、经济等的长期、巨大的破坏性影响,日益受到学术界的关注。然而以往的研究大都集中在海洋溢油方面,河道溢油研究因起步较晚,研究成果较少,考虑潮汐影响的则更少,且研究手段多以数值模拟为主,机理性实验研究较少。该文通过潮汐水槽模拟实验,观察并记录油膜在潮汐水流中、两个半日潮潮周期内的扩展、漂移情况,初步分析溢油油膜在潮汐水流中的扩展、漂移规律。实验结果表明:潮汐水流中,溢油油膜的扩展、输运过程主要受溢油自身理化性质和外界潮汐水流变化的影响。溢油入水后,首先经历重力扩展阶段,此阶段历时很短;然后经历剪切扩展阶段,此阶段历时长,油膜既受内部黏滞力影响,又受水流、风力引起的边界剪切力的影响,同时由于历时长,还受到潮流的输运影响。最后,当油膜很薄时,除受潮流的输运影响;还因受紊动水流及风浪的影响,在漂移过程中破碎或乳化。
The frequent accidence of oil spills in tidal river at estuary bring more concerning, oil spills have brought enormous aquatic environment and economical impacts. The environmental concern over oil spills has led to the development of study on this field. Previous studies on the oil spills were mainly concentrated on ocean oil spill modeling and by developing mathematical model, the experimental results were not abundant. In this paper, a simulation experimental study including eight cases of experiments of oil spill in tidal channel during two tidal cycles was carried out. The experimental results indicated that the spread and transport of oil slick on water surface was tremendously impacted by the physicochemieal property of the oil and hydrodynamic condition, Oil slick was spread for only a moment under the influence of gravity in the early stages after oil spill,thereafter it was spread for a hmg time under surface shear stress which exerted by water and wind. Finally oil slick was broken into pieces in turbulent water and tended to emulsion.
出处
《水动力学研究与进展（A辑）》
CSCD
北大核心
2006年第6期744-751,共8页
Chinese Journal of Hydrodynamics
基金
上海市重点学科建设项目资助
上海市科委04dz12031项目资助
