摘要
据史籍记载,周始祖后稷居邰,公刘迁豳,太王邑岐,文王都丰,武王都镐,卒以克商,而邰、豳、岐、丰、镐尽在关中。西周末年,泾、渭、洛三川皆震,伯阳父有周将亡矣之叹,亦视关中诸川为周兴衰之象征。由是可知,关中地区是周人克商以前的主要活动区域,是周人的发祥地。因此,要考察周文化的形成和发展,自必以关中地区为主要目标。关中地区周文化的考察,肇始于徐旭生先生领导的北平研究院史学研究会1933年的调查,随后,苏秉琦先生发掘了宝鸡斗鸡台的周、秦墓地。1943年,中央研究院历史语言研究所的石璋如先生又对传说中的周人都邑作了实地考察。但是,真正大规模的考古调查和发掘是解放以后才开始的。五十年代中期。
Before their conquest of the Shang dynasty, the Zhou people lived mainly in the Wei River valley in Shaanxi Province, therefore the study of the formation and development of the Zhou culture must be started with this area. The subject of the Zhou culture's origin practically consists of two problems, the first is to determin what is the pre-dynastic Zhou culture, and the second, to find out its prototype.During the pre-dynastic Zhou period, there were six types of bronze culture in this area, they are: 1. the Shange complex represented by the sites of Nanshacun, Huaxian county, and Laoniupo, Xi'an; 2. The so-called Guangshe culture represented by the tombs at Heidouzui, Chunhua coun'y; 3. the complex represented by the site of Zhengjiapo, Wugong county; 4. the complex of the so-called Jiang-Rong tombs at Liujia, Fufeng county; 5. the complex represented by the first phase tombs with pottery tripods(li) at Doujitai, Baoji; 6. the complex bearing some Siwa culture elements and represented by the site of Longkou, Fengxian county. Among them the fifth type is the most possible to be the pre-dynastic Zhou culture, for it spreads all over the Wei River valley, which coincides with the area of activities of the pre-dynastic Zhou people told in historical literature, and its characters show clear continuity into the Western Zhou culture. The Shang culture differs from the pre-dynastic Zhou culture in pottery. The contents of the 'Guangshe culture' are also far different from those of the pre-dynastic Zhou culture. The Qijia culture and Keshengzhuang Ⅱ culture are much earlier than the pre-dynastic Zhou culture. They are not the prototype of the Zhou culture.The pottery tripods(li) of the Siwa and Xindian cultures are similiar to those of the predynastoic Zhou culture showing that there are certain relations between them, but these cultures wide differ in other aspects. According to carbon 14 dating, the Siwa culture is later than the pre-dynastic Zhou culture, so it cann't be the origin of the latter.The remains uncove
出处
《考古学报》
CSSCI
北大核心
1989年第1期1-23,共23页
Acta Archaeologica Sinica
