摘要
长江禁捕行为有其合法性依据。“收回渔民捕捞权”和“专用生产设备报废”乃禁捕政策之核心,对二者的定性直接决定着长江禁捕行为的本质界定。“收回渔民捕捞权”的法律性质应认定为征收。“专用生产设备报废”内涵有收缴和规范管理两个层面,前者为征收,后者应界定为“应给予补偿之准征收”。故此,长江禁捕行为应认定为国家因公共利益的实现而实行的征收行为。依比较法及我国现行法的征收补偿精神,对罹受特别损失的退捕渔民应遵循“生活权补偿”理念。据此理念,现行退捕渔民补偿体系存在逻辑纰缪,具体补偿实践问题丛生。故而,退捕渔民补偿体系应调整为以“收回渔民捕捞权补偿”和“专用生产设备报废补偿”为主体结构。以实质化的转产就业安排、灵活性的临时生活补偿、充分的养老保障因应前者,以尊重退捕渔民意愿并畅通其救济途径的做法对后者予以改进。
The ban of fishing in the Yangtze River has its source of legality.“Taking back the fishermen’s fishing rights”and“Scrapping the special production equipment”are the core of the policy of banning fishing,and the characterization of the two directly determines the essential definition of the ban on fishing in the Yangtze River.The legal nature of“Taking back the fishermen’s fishing rights”should be considered as expropriation.“Scrapping the special production equipment”includes two aspects:capture and standardized management,the former is expropriation,the latter could be defined as“Should be given compensation of the quasi-expropriation”.Therefore,the Yangtze River fishing ban should be considered as the state for the realization of public interests and the implementation of the expropriation behavior.According to the spirit of expropriation and compensation in comparative law and China’s current law,the returning fishermen who have suffered special losses should follow the idea of“compensation for the right to life”.According to this idea,there are logical errors in the current compensation system for returning fishermen,and concrete compensation problems occur in practice.Therefore,the compensation system for returning fishermen should be adjusted to take“compensation for taking back the fishermen’s fishing rights”and“compensation for scrapping the special production equipment”as the main structure.The former should be improved by means of substantial employment arrangement,flexible temporary living compensation and adequate old-age security,and the latter by respecting the will of returning fishermen and unblocking their relief channels.
出处
《北方法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2022年第6期147-157,共11页
Northern Legal Science
基金
2021年江苏省研究生科研创新计划项目“我国长江禁捕政策下渔业权补偿问题研究”(KYCX21_2895)的阶段性成果
关键词
长江禁捕
收回渔民捕捞权
专用生产设备报废
征收补偿
the Yangtze River fishing ban
taking back the fishermen’s fishing rights
scrapping the special production equipment
compensation for expropriation
