摘要
为了探讨生物质炭对冬小麦产量、水分利用效率及根系形态的影响,该文利用田间小区试验研究了生物质炭不同施用水平对冬小麦产量、水分利用效率、根形态的影响及差异性。结果表明：生物质炭显著增加了冬小麦茎蘖数、有效穗数和产量（P〈0.05）,与对照相比,其增加比例范围分别为1.6%~4.9%、0.7%~1.5%、1.0%~5.9%。冬小麦耗水量随着生物质炭施用量的增加而逐渐减小,水分利用效率由对照的17.06 kg/（hm2·mm）提高到17.69~19.57 kg/（hm2·mm）。生物质炭显著增加了冬小麦根系总根长和总表面积（P〈0.05）,在0~20和≥20~40 cm范围内,总根长的增加比例范围分别为2.8%~14.6%、8.4%~21.2%;总表面积增加比例范围分别为5.6%~19.5%、1.9%~13.6%。冬小麦根系形态特征与冬小麦产量呈极显著正相关（P〈0.001）。各处理中以生物质炭施用量为40 t/hm2的处理对冬小麦产量、水分利用效率及根系生长的促进作用最为显著。该研究可为科学施用生物质炭提供参考。
Biochar is widely used as a promising green and cost-effective alternative for soil amendment,because of its agronomic benefits in soil carbon sequestration and facilitating nutrient cycling,and improvements in water use efficiency and crop growth and yield.The absorption of water and nutrients for plant from soil is directly influenced by root morphology,and root morphology plays a significant role in plant growth and water use efficiency.But there is limited information on the interaction among root morphology and plant growth,water use efficiency under biochar application.Hence,in order to investigate the effects of biochar on winter wheat growth,yield,water use efficiency and root morphology,in this study,a one-year field experiment with different application amounts（0,20,30,40,50 and 60 t/hm2） of wheat straw biochar（pyrolysis temperature of 600℃） was carried out under subsurface drip irrigation condition.The preliminary results showed that the tiller number,efficient spike number and yield of winter wheat were significantly affected（P﹤0.05） by biochar,increased by 1.6%-4.9%,0.7%-1.5%,and 1.0%-5.9%,respectively.Plant height and spike length were not affected by wheat straw biochar.Grain number and 1000-grain weight were significantly increased（P〈0.05） only under the treatments of 30,40,and 50 t/hm2 application of wheat straw biochar.Grain number increased by 4.7%,8.6% and 2.7%,respectively and 1000-grain weight increased by 5.6%,8.0% and 5.0%,respectively,which showed biochar application could effectively increase winter wheat yield through the increase of tiller number,efficient spike number,grain number and 1000-grain weight.The water consumption of winter wheat decreased significantly（P〈0.05） with the increase of application amount of wheat straw biochar,which decreased by 2.6%,7.0%,7.7%,9.1% and 9.4% respectively under the biochar application amounts of 20,30,40,50 and 60 t/hm2.The water use efficiency increased from 17.06 to 17.69-19.57 kg/hm2·mm with the increase of applicat
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2015年第12期119-124,共6页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(51209208
51209209)
农村领域国家科技计划支撑课题(2013BAD07B14)
国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2012AA101404)
