摘要
开发区是中国经济转型过程产业空间组织的一种"转型制度"形式,正在经历一个企业"扎堆"向产业集群的转变。本文依据江苏省沿江开发区企业的微观调研数据,检验以开发区为载体的产业空间集聚因素与技术升级对"落地"企业经济绩效的影响,从而揭示以开发区为载体的企业集聚的性质以及演变为产业集群的趋势。实证研究表明,企业进驻开发区的主要目的是获取"政策租",由此导致开发区企业"扎堆"不具有一般意义上的产业集聚效应:靠近要素或者靠近市场的好处。企业一旦"落地"开发区,尽管它并不必然与关联企业在空间上集中,但其技术和市场行为必将与当地政府和产业关联要素发生作用,从而影响企业的经济绩效和开发区的集聚效应。因此,在产业转移和国家经济政策调整导致"政策租"耗散的情况下,基于开发区的企业集群可持续发展的关键在于提升开发区的非政策性的集聚效应。
Based on micro-finn data of development zones in Jiangsu Province along the Yangtze River, the effects of local factors special to development zones and of technology promotion on finn＇s performance are tested, from which we try to illustrate the nature and dynamics of industrial clusters built on development zones. The results show that the primary reasons finns locate into development zones are not clustering benefits in general meaning brought by interactions among firms locally concentrated, but are the attraction of ＂policy rents＂ brought by government behaviors. Once located in the zone, the finn is doom to interact with local government as well as industry-related factors not necessarily concentrating in location, and the clustering effects may emerge. Thus, the key to keep development zones＇ competition sustainable, when industry transfer and policy adjustment fade away ＂policy rents＂, is to cultivate clustering effects.
出处
《经济研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2008年第5期33-46,共14页
Economic Research Journal
基金
南京大学985二期工程哲学社会科学创新基地--南京大学经济转型与发展研究中心“经济增长与结构转型”项目
国家社科基金重大项目(NO05&0033)
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目(05JJD790083)的阶段性成果
关键词
开发区
企业空间集中
产业集聚效应
技术升级
政策租
Development Zones along Yangtze River
Firms＇ Spatial Concentration
Industrial Clustering Effects
Technology Promotion
Policy Rents
