摘要
中国古代社会“以农为本”的农耕文化,在漫长发展过程中从日常生活向丧葬礼俗渗透。敦煌魏晋十六国墓葬中的农耕元素以农作物、文字、图像、器物等多元互通的形式呈现,独具特色。墓中随葬的陶仓及绘制的仓楼图像根植于死后“就食”的理念,为逝者营造仓廪充实、食物富足的死后家园;墓中随葬的五谷是镇墓安魂仪轨的重要依托,与两汉时期流行的解谪信仰息息相关;墓葬中发现的薏苡是当地较为特殊的作物,在中原与西域不同区域文化的碰撞之下形塑了融合而独特的丧葬意涵。对敦煌墓葬中农耕礼俗的分析,折射出中华文明的农业底色,并且从墓葬材料可以观见敦煌作为丝绸之路重镇和文化交流枢纽,在留存和演变不同农耕葬俗中起到的重要作用。
Agriculture was the foundation of ancient China.Primarily as a subsistence strategy,agriculture also shaped the Chinese culture that was essentially agrarian.Tombs in Dunhuang,dated to the Wei-Jin and Sixteen Kingdoms Period,demonstrate how agriculture-related elements,in the form of grain remains,inscriptions,pictorial bricks and assorted objects,were adopted to serve ritual purposes in the funerary context.Represented granaries,as pottery architectural model and depicted on bricks symbolized food source that was supposed to refill ad infinitum to feed the deceased.Together with other apparatus in the burial chambers,they created a happy postmortem homeland with abundant crops stored in granaries.Burying grains was meant for tomb-quelling and was a funerary ritual related to the practice of exorcism that proliferated during the Han dynasty.Job's tears,a special kind of crop rarely seen in Dunhuang,bear special funerary functions as a result of the intense cultural interaction in Dunhuang,a significant nexus of the Silk Road between the Central Plains of China and Western Regions.By analyzing agriculture-related mortuary rites in Dunhuang burials,this article reveals the agrarian feature that was fundamental to Chinese civilization,and how influences of these rituals were preserved and localized in the social context of Early Medieval Dunhuang.
出处
《民俗研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2024年第5期148-156,160,共10页
Folklore Studies
基金
山东省社科规划基金青年项目“黄河中下游地区汉代农业图像与农耕文明的美术考古研究”(项目编号:22DKGJ02)的阶段性成果。
关键词
敦煌
农耕文化
丧葬礼俗
丝绸之路
Dunhuang
agrarian culture
funerary ritual
the Silk Road
