摘要
全面、定量地分析施肥、化控剂、耐冷品种这三种最主要的水稻冷害防御措施的效果,为东北地区水稻冷害防御提供具有针对性的指导。搜索并整理1990年以来东北地区水稻冷害防御措施的相关文献59篇,其中施肥21篇、化控剂18篇、耐冷品种20篇,采用Meta分析的方法,以不采取防御措施为对照,量化3种防御措施对水稻生长发育的影响。结果表明:①低温胁迫下,3种措施中耐冷品种对水稻产量提升效果最优,达33.8%。②对于施用不同的肥料而言,施磷肥对水稻产量、产量相关量、叶绿素含量的增幅最大,分别为26.2%、13.2%、14.4%;施硅肥对提高水稻耐冷性物质含量影响最突出,达22.1%;施氮肥的效果与用量有关,施氮量在95~115 kg/hm^(2)水稻产量增幅最大,施氮量≥150 kg/hm^(2)水稻产量显著减少-12.4%。③施化控剂可显著增加低温胁迫下水稻叶绿素含量、耐冷性物质含量,分别为14.7%、16.5%,且对冷敏感水稻品种影响更大。④低温胁迫下耐冷性水稻品种与冷敏感品种相比,可分别显著提高水稻产量、产量相关量、叶绿素含量33.8%、9.2%、10.4%,显著减少丙二醛含量16.5%。综上,选用耐冷品种是水稻应对低温冷害最直接有效的方法,在此基础上可通过施用化肥和化控剂进一步提高水稻耐低温的能力。研究结果定量比较了不同防御措施的效果和作用机制,对于指导选择合适的水稻冷害防御措施具有重要的实际应用价值。
Providing theoretical support for rice chilling injury defense in Northeast China,the mitigation effects of fertilization,chemical control agents and cold tolerant varieties on rice chilling injury were analyzed in this study,comprehensively and quantitatively.59 literatures on rice chilling injury prevention measures in Northeast China since 1990 have been searched and sorted out,including 21 literatures on fertilization,18 on chemical control agents and 20 on cold tolerant varieties.No defense measures taken as the control,me-ta-analysis was used to quantify the effects of fertilization,chemical control agents and cold tolerant varieties on the growth and develo-pment of rice under low temperature stress.The results show these as follows.Under low temperature stress,among the three measures,cold tolerant varieties has the best effect on increasing rice yield,up to 33.8%.For different fertilization,the yield,yield related quanti-ties and chlorophyll content of rice increased the most when phosphorus fertilizer is applied,which are 26.2%,13.2%and 14.4%re-spectively;the content of cold resistant substances in rice improved most when silicon fertilizer is applied,up to 22.1%;the effect of ap-plying nitrogen fertilizer is related to the amount of nitrogen applied.The increase of rice yield is the largest when the amount of nitrogen applied is 95~115 kg/hm^(2);the rice yield is decreased significantly by-12.4%when nitrogen application≥150 kg/hm^(2).The content of chlorophyll and cold resistant substances in rice are increased significantly when the chemical control agent is applicated under low tem-perature stress,which are 14.7%and 16.5%respectively,and have a greater impact on cold sensitive rice varieties.Compared with cold sensitive varieties under low temperature stress,cold tolerant rice varieties could significantly increase rice yield,yield related quantities,chlorophyll content by 33.8%,9.2%and 10.4%,and the malondialdehyde content is significantly reduced by 16.5%.It is concluded that the selection of col
作者
姚嫚
刘忠贤
张琪
杨再强
YAO Man;LIU Zhong-xian;ZHANG Qi;YANG Zai-qiang(College of Applied Meteorology,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology/Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrometeorology,Nanjing 210044,China)
出处
《科学技术与工程》
北大核心
2023年第3期982-990,共9页
Science Technology and Engineering
基金
国家重点研发计划(2019YFC1510205)
国家自然科学基金(41977410)。
关键词
施肥
化控剂
耐冷品种
水稻
META分析
防御措施
fertilization
chemical control agent
cold resistant varieties
rice
Meta-analysis
prevention measures
