摘要
中国的快速城市化进程伴随着雾霾暴露水平的非线性变化。为分析城市化的不同内涵对雾霾污染的贡献程度,文章对中国九大城市群2001—2018年的雾霾暴露指标进行分解。其中,雾霾暴露侧重于衡量雾霾污染对人类活动和健康的危害程度,也是世界银行衡量空气污染的主要指标之一;影响因素上主要考察人口集聚、人口密度、城市扩张、经济增长和排放强度,分别用于衡量人口城市化、土地城市化、经济城市化和城市污染治理;方法上选取了时空LMDI分解法,以便更有效地对分解结果进行跨城市群、跨时间段和城市群内部的多维度比较。研究结果发现:①2001—2018年期间,城市扩张和经济增长主要导致城市群雾霾暴露上升;人口密度和排放强度主要促使城市群雾霾暴露降低;人口集聚因素的贡献主要在长三角、京津冀和珠三角城市群为正,但2016年后在长三角和京津冀变为负。②2013年"大气十条"发布后,排放强度对降低城市群雾霾暴露的积极影响在增大,城市扩张和经济增长的负面影响在减小。③在城市群内部,人口城市化在2013年以前提高了长三角和京津冀中心城市的雾霾暴露,体现出这些城市极强的人口吸引力;2013年后人口集聚降低了一些中心城市而增加了外围城市的雾霾暴露,体现了后者的人口疏导作用。④一些中心城市开始实现绿色的土地和经济城市化,而外围城市仍存在粗放的土地扩张;排放强度的促降作用在外围城市明显增大,城市群协同减排取得显著成果。为此,建议在城市群层面,继续推进"大气十条"等大气污染治理计划,加大环保执法力度,完善区域联防联控机制,加强城市之间在大气污染控制技术和治理经验上的合作交流;在城市群内部,针对外围城市的人口、土地和经济三方面城市化,应加强基础设施建设,打造绿色宜居的卫星城市,加强新城区环境
China’s rapid urbanization process is accompanied by a nonlinear change in haze exposure.In order to quantify the contribution of different aspects of urbanization to haze pollution,this paper decomposed the haze exposure of China’s nine major urban agglomerations in 2001-2018.Haze exposure,one of the main air pollution indices used by the World Bank,focuses on measuring the harm of haze pollution to human activities and health.We considered several impact factors including population agglomeration,population density,city expansion,economic growth and emission intensity,reflecting population urbanization,land urbanization,economic urbanization and pollution controlling,respectively.The spatial-temporal LMDI(ST-LMDI)decomposition method was applied,facilitating a multi-dimensional comparison of decomposition results across urban agglomerations,over time periods and within urban agglomerations.Our results showed that:①In 2001-2018,city expansion and economic growth mainly increased the haze exposure of urban agglomerations,while population density and emission intensity led to the decrease;the contribution of population agglomeration was positive mainly in the top three urban agglomerations,but it changed to negative in Yangtze River Delta(YRD)and Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)after 2016.②After 2013,the positive effect of emission intensity on haze pollution controlling was increasing and the negative effects of city expansion and economic growth were decreasing.③Within urban agglomerations,before 2013,population urbanization increased the haze exposure of the central cities in YRD and BTH,reflecting their strong attraction to people;after 2013,population agglomeration reduced some central cities’haze exposure but increased that of their peripheral cities,reflecting the benefits of population decentralization.④Some central cities had realized green land or green economic urbanization,but extensive land expansion still existed in peripheral cities.The negative contribution of emission intensity in peripher
作者
王班班
廖晓洁
谭秀杰
WANG Banban;LIAO Xiaojie;TAN Xiujie(School of Economics,Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan Hubei 430074,China;Institute for International Studies,Wuhan University,Wuhan Hubei 430072,China)
出处
《中国人口·资源与环境》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2021年第7期63-74,共12页
China Population,Resources and Environment
基金
科技部国家重点研发计划“气候变化风险的全球治理与国内应对关键问题研究”课题5“我国重点行业与地区碳配额分配方法与能力建设”(批准号:2018YFC1809005)
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“中国对外直接投资对‘一带一路’国家绿色低碳转型的影响评估——基于能源行业的研究”(批准号:20YJC790130)
武汉大学人文社科青年学术团队“‘一带一路’能源转型战略研究”(批准号:4103-413100001)。
关键词
雾霾暴露
城市化
城市群
时空分解
LMDI
haze exposure
urbanization
urban agglomeration
spatial-temporal decomposition
LMDI
