摘要
目的了解我国省级献血立法现状及存在的问题。方法运用Excel统计和手工甄别,对我国31个省、直辖市、自治区的献血立法主体、立法类别、最新颁布或修订时间等进行汇总分析、归纳和总结已有优势与特点,分析和厘出现存问题。结果1998年10月—2020年11月,大陆地区省级行政区(22个省、4个直辖市、5个自治区)100%(31/31)制定了各自的地方性献血法规。各地省级立法机构充分发挥了上位法《中华人民共和国献血法》(简称《献血法》)赋予的立法优势,配套和实施了地方献血法规。《献血法》及各地配套法规施行20多年来,我国无偿献血率持续快速攀升,呈现出全球罕见的连续增长态势,如今我国无偿献血人数和献(采)血量已位居世界前列。注重公民无偿献血的激励措施,均制定了优惠的无偿献血者及其直系亲属的临床用血返还政策,是其共同的特点但普遍存在着立法严重老化、修法明显滞后,用血返还政策不统一,临床用血监管制度缺位,献血者权益保障不足等问题。结论省级献血立法工作有力推动了《献血法》的实施和无偿献血的推进工作,但亟需随上位法的修订而尽快自我修订,以便尽早实现全国用血返还标准,血液监测体系建设以及献血者权益保障制度的统一。
Objective To explore the current situation and existing problems of provincial blood donation legislation in China.Methods Local blood donation regulations(including the legislative subjects,legislative categories and its latest promulgation/revision time,etc.)of 31 provinces,municipalities and autonomous regions in China were analyzed and summarized in terms of existing advantages,characteristics and problems using Excel statistics and manual screening.Results 100%(31/31)of the provincial administrative regions(including 22 provinces,4 municipalities,and 5 autonomous regions)in China's Mainland formulated their own local blood donation regulations from October 1998 to November 2020.The local provincial legislatures had given full play to the legislative advantages conferred by the higher-level law The Blood Donation Law of the People′s Republic of China(referred to as the Blood Donation Law)to support and implement local blood donation regulations.Over the past 20 years since the implementation of Blood Donation Law and other supporting regulations in various regions,China′s voluntary blood donation rate has continued to rise rapidly,showing a rare continuous growth in the world.At present,the number of voluntary blood donors and the blood collection units in China had ranked among the top in the world.The legislation of provincial administrative regions commonly focused on the incentive measures for voluntary blood donation and the formulation of preferential blood return policies for future blood needs for donors and their immediate family members.However,there are also widespread problems such as serious aging of legislation,significant delay in amendments,inconsistent blood return policies,lack of clinical blood supervision system and insufficient protection of the rights and interests of blood donors.Conclusion Though the provincial blood donation legislation has strongly promoted the implementation of Blood Donation Law and the advancement of voluntary blood donation,it urgently needs to be revised as
作者
冯显东
谢雪
何睿
唐贵忠
程雪莲
何中臣
张璐
陈龙
王晓刚
FENG Xiandong;XIE Xue;HE Rui;TANG Guizhong;CEHNG Xuelian;HE Zhongchen;ZHANG Lu;CHEN Long;WANG Xiaogang(Chengdu Second People′s Hospital,Chengdu 610000,China;School of Public Health and Management of Chongqing Medical University;Policy and Regulation Department of Chongqing Municipal Health Commission;Chongqing Municipal Health Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Team)
出处
《中国输血杂志》
CAS
2020年第10期1079-1082,共4页
Chinese Journal of Blood Transfusion
关键词
省级献血立法
无偿献血
地方法规
献血法
现状研究
provincial blood donation legislation
voluntary blood donation
local regulations
Blood Donation Law
current situation
