摘要
农药应用工艺学是研究提高农药利用率和施药效率,减轻或消除农药对环境的污染和对人、畜及有益生物危害风险的一门综合性学科。近20年来,中国在农药的吸收传导、控制释放、剂型研发、省力化施药、雾滴运动、高效装备及智能精准施药等方面取得了长足的进步:建立了药剂吸收量与种子包衣剂量之间的关系模型;阐明了农药控制释放的动力学规律,揭示了缓释农药提高作物安全性的生物学机制;研发了超低容量制剂、烟雾剂、粉尘剂、展膜油剂、缓释颗粒剂等省力化农药剂型和与之匹配的省力化施药技术;探明了农药雾滴在作物冠层的沉积流失规律,建立了农药利用率模型;建立了农药施用定量分析计算理论,提出了农药雾滴"杀伤半径"概念,推动了农药低容量喷雾技术发展;建立了植保无人飞机低容量喷雾技术体系,开启了人工智能(AI)施药技术的研究和应用,初步建立人工智能精准喷雾技术。中国农药应用已逐步实现从简单、粗放向科学、安全、智能精准的转变,为农药减施增效提供理论依据和技术支撑。
Pesticide application technology is a comprehensive discipline to study the improvement of utilization rate and application efficiency of pesticides,reduce or eliminate the pollution of pesticides to the environment and the risk of pesticides to human,livestock and beneficial organisms.Great progress has been made in China during the last two decades,including uptaking and translocation of pesticides,controlled release of pesticides,research and development of pesticide formulations,labor-saving application technologies,movement of pesticide droplets,low volume spray technologies,highefficiency equipments and intelligent precision application technologies.The relationship between the pesticide absorption and seed treatment dose model has been established.The sustained-release kinetics model has been developped and the biological mechanism for the improvement of the crop safety of the controlled release formulations has also been studies.Labor-saving formulations such as ultra low volume liquid,hot fogging concentrate,spreading oil,granule,dustable powder and the correponding labor-saving application technologies have been developed.The deposition and loss rules of pesticide droplets in crop canopy were investigated and the utilization rate model of pesticide was established.The theories of quantitative analysis and the calculation of pesticide application have been established,and the concept of"biocidal radius"of pesticide droplets was raised,which promoted the development of low volume spray technologies.A low volume spray system using plant protection unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)was established,which initiated the research and application of the artificial intelligence(AI)pesticide application technology.And the artificial intelligence precision spray technology has been established thereafter.The application technologies of pesticides in China have gradually changed from simple and extensive to scientific,safe and intelligent precision,which has proved technical support for reducing the application and increa
作者
闫晓静
杨代斌
薛新宇
王国宾
崔丽
冯超
秦维彩
袁会珠
YAN Xiaojing;YANG Daibin;XUE Xinyu;WANG Guobin;CUI Li;FENG Chao;QIN Weicai;YUAN Huizhu(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing 210014,China;School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science,Shandong University of Technology,Zibo 255000,Shandong Province,China;Tobacco Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,Shandong Province,China)
出处
《农药学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2019年第5期908-920,共13页
Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science
基金
国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200703,2017YFD0201603)
关键词
农药应用工艺学
吸收传导
控制释放
省力化施药技术
智能装备
pesticide application technology
uptake and translocation
controlled release
labor-saving technology
intelligent equipment
