摘要
目的了解福州市医用诊断X射线摄影机摄影所致受检者的入射体表剂量（ESD）水平。方法采用整群抽样方法,2014年选择福州市38家不同级别医院经影像质量控制检测合格的52台医用诊断X射线摄影机,摄影体位包括头颅、胸部、腰椎和胸椎的正位与侧位,以标准水模体模拟成人受检者,将热释光剂量计布放于标准水模体的照射野中央位置,用正常临床投照条件曝光进行ESD检测。结果 X射线摄影所致受检者的ESD为0.35-17.90 m Gy,其中胸部正位摄影体位最低,为（0.35±0.03）m Gy,腰椎侧位摄影体位最高,为（17.90±1.26）m Gy。8种摄影体位X射线摄影机摄影所致受检者ESD均分别低于GB 16348—2010《医用X射线诊断受检者放射卫生防护标准》推荐的相同体位典型成年受检者X射线摄影的剂量指导水平。直接数字化X射线摄影系统（DR机）和计算机X射线摄影系统（CR机）所致受检者ESD在头颅、腰椎、胸椎的正位和侧位体位分别低于普通X射线机（P〈0.05）;DR机和CR机所致受检者ESD在头颅、腰椎、胸椎的正位和侧位体位分别比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;上述3种X射线摄影机在胸部正位和侧位所致受检者ESD分别比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 DR机和CR机摄影致受检者ESD低于普通X射线机,普及DR机与CR机有利于降低受检者受照剂量。
Objective To investigate the entrance surface dose（ ESD） caused by medical diagnostic X-ray instruments used in Fuzhon City. Methods Fity-two medical diagnostic X-ray equipment（ quality control test passed） from 38 different hospitals in Fuzhou City were selected and investigated in 2014. A standard water phantom body was used to simulate an adult examinee with different body positions including posterior-anterior and lateral position of head,chest,lumbar and thorax. The thermoluminescence dosimeter was deployed at the central location in the exposure field to measure the ESD under the normal clinical exposure conditions. Results The level of ESD was 0. 35-17. 90 m Gy. The ESD of the chest posterior-anterior photography was the lowest（ 0. 35 ± 0. 03） m Gy,while the ESD of the lumbar lateral photography was the highest（ 17. 90 ± 1. 26） m Gy. The ESD levels of the 8 positions of irradiation were lower than the medical X-ray dose guidance levels of typical adult examinees（ same body positions） recommended by GB 16348-2010 Radiological Protection Standards for the Examinee in Medical X-ray Diagnosis. The ESD levels of posterior-anterior and lateral position in head,lumbar and thoracic in direct digital radiography（ DR） and computed radiography（ CR） instruments were lower than those in the ordinary X-ray instruments（ P〈0. 05）. There was no statistical significance found between the ESD levels in posterior-anterior and lateral position in head,lumbar and thorax in DR and CR instruments（ P〉0. 05）. The ESD levels in chest posterior-anterior and lateral position in the 3 types of X-ray instruments also showed no statistical significance（ P〉0. 05）. Conclusion The ESD levels of DR and CR instruments were lower than those of the ordinary X-ray ones. DR and CR instruments promotion and popularization can help to reduce the ESD level.
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2015年第6期649-652,共4页
China Occupational Medicine
