摘要
利用1971—2007年恩施州不同海拔高度的各山区测站地面气象观测资料和1980—2007年恩施探空站资料,统计分析恩施山区雾的时空分布特征及不同类型雾的相关要素分布。结果表明:1)恩施山区雾存在很强的局地性,主要由海拔高度和地形地势不同所造成。总体呈西多东少的分布态势,多雾中心区域呈NNE-SSW向带状分布。2)雾随时间的分布因地形条件不同而形态各异,年际变化较大。1—12月低山地区呈单谷型、次高山地区(介于高山和低山之间)基本呈线性增长、河谷地区为双峰型分布;而地形相同、拔海高度接近的,其分布规律有比较显著的一致性。3)恩施山区年均雾日11.8～63.7次,呈西多东少分布状态,有两个多雾中心区域。4)由拔海高度变化所引起的分布差异主要体现在冬、夏两个季节,冬季雾日随海拔高度的升高而减少,夏季雾日随海拔高度的升高而明显增多。5)雾的浓淡程度随海拔高度的不同也有较明显的差别,海拔较高的地区较之低海拔地区明显偏强。6)恩施山区雾主要有三种类型,辐射雾(77%)、平流雾(16%)、锋面雾(7%)。7)不同类型雾的边界层温湿状况、风的水平垂直分布存在明显差别。
Using the surface observation data from 1971 to 2007 and upper air observation data from 1980-2007 in Enshi,the spacial and temporal distribution of Enshi mountain fog and the distribution of related elements of different types of the fog were analyzed statistically.The results show the following：（1）Enshi mountain fog has an obvious local character and comes about owing to the different elevation and terrain.The fog distributes are more in the west area than in the east area as a whole.The central area of the fog presents like a belt from NNE to SSW.（2） On the different terrain the distribution of the fog is more obvious different.The distribution of the fog has a remarkable consistency relatively on the same terrain and same elevation.（3）The average fog day is 11.8-63.7 annually.The number of the fog day in the west area is more than that in the east area.There are two foggy center areas.（4） In the winter the number of fog day decreases as the altitude ascends,but in the summer the number increases as the altitude ascends.（5） The concentration of the fog is different obviously in the different seasons.The concentration of the fog on high-land is deeper than that on the low-land.（6） There are three types of Enshi mountain fog.They are radiation fog（77%）,advection fog（16%）,and front fog（7%）.（7） The different types of fog have different boundary layer temperature,different humidity conditions and different horizontal and vertical distribution of wind.
出处
《暴雨灾害》
2010年第4期370-376,共7页
Torrential Rain and Disasters
关键词
山区雾
地形条件
时空分布
Mountain fog
Orographic condition
Spatial and temporal distribution
