摘要
中国城乡分割的二元社会结构是逐步强化的。从根源上说,是重工业优先的赶超型工业化战略、高度集中的计划经济体制和基数巨大且增长迅速的人口因素,制约了城市就业机会的创造和对农村人口的吸纳能力。中国之所以长期有效地把农民堵在城门外,捆在土地上,则是因为实行了户籍制度、城市福利保障制度、统购统销制度、人民公社制度等一整套的制度安排。这种二元治理模式从多方面支撑了高积累、高投资、高速度推进工业化的计划,却付出了昂贵的历史代价,遗留下了许多结构性矛盾。
The dualistic social structure based on the barriers between town and countryside in China was gradually strengthened as a result of the fact that the catching-up industrialization strategy with priority given to the development of heavy industries, the highly centralized planned economy and the rapidly increasing population with a huge base restricted the creation of jobs in the cities and the urban capacity to absorb rural population. The factors to keep the peasants out of the cities and tie them on the farmland effectively and for a very long time included a whole set of institutional arrangements such as the residence registration system, the welfare system for city dwellers, the state monopoly for purchase and marketing and the people's communes. This dualistic administrative model supported in a number of ways the program to promote industrialization with a high rate of accumulation, a high rate of input and a high velocity and sustained the traditional economic growth. Meanwhile it also paid exorbitant prices and left many structural contradictions.
出处
《中共党史研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2005年第1期21-31,共11页
CPC History Studies
