摘要
表示“主观肯定义”的“还不是”是汉语中一种常见的“形–义”错配构式。本文首先基于CCL和BCC语料库对主观肯定义“还不是”的主观义进行分析,进而探讨其“形–义”的演化过程。“还不是”的语义发展依次经历了“否定义”“主观肯定推测义”“主观肯定义”三个阶段,其语义演化过程伴随着主观性的增强。表示“主观肯定推测义”的“还不是”最早出现于唐代,用于反问句,元代开始用于感叹句,随后通过“语境吸收”获得了反问句和感叹句的“主观肯定推测义”。明清时期,表示“主观肯定义”的“还不是”构式化完成,主要标志为开始广泛用于陈述句,该组合固化,语义变得不透明。
Subjective-assertive construction háibúshì(还不是)is a common mismatched form-meaning pair in Chinese.Based on the corpus of CCL and BCC,this paper analyzes the subjective meanings of háibúshìand discusses the“micro-step”evolution of its form and meaning.The semantic change of háibúshìwent through three stages from“negative”to“subjective-assertive inferencing”and then to“subjective-assertive”,and this evolution process involves subjectification.The meaning of“subjective-assertive inferencing”firstly emerged in the Tang Dynasty and was only used in rhetorical questions,and then appeared in exclamation sentences in the Yuan Dynasty.Later,háibúshìabsorbed the“subjective-assertive inferencing”meaning from rhetorical questions and exclamation sentences through“context absorption”,and it then developed the meaning of“subjective-assertive”in the Ming Dynasty and the Qing Dynasty.The entrenchment of the form and nontransparency of its meaning marked the constructionalization of háibúshì.
出处
《语言学研究》
2023年第1期71-84,共14页
Linguistic Research
基金
教育部人文社科青年项目“英汉分裂和假拟分裂结构的构式语法研究”(19YJC740005)的阶段性成果
关键词
“还不是”
主观肯定义
主观性
构式化
语境吸收
háibúshì
subjective-assertive
subjectivity
constructionalization
context absorption
